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🗺️ Disease Atlas · Gastrointestinal disease

oral cavity neoplasm

A neoplasm (disease) that involves the oral cavity.

🔔 Follow weekly
🧬6209genes / proteins with evidence
💊22drugs and clinical candidates
🧪12+recruiting trials worldwide
✅3phase 3
📈2phase 2/3
🧬

Understand oral cavity neoplasm

Cancer · Cells that grow out of control
🎓 Learn more

What it is

Oral cancer is cancer of the mouth. It is a type of head and neck cancer. Most oral cancers are squamous cell cancers. They begin in the flat cells that cover the surfaces of your mouth, tongue, and lips. The cancer cells may spread into deeper tissue as the cancer grows.

Most oral cancers are related to tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, or an HPV infection.

Who is more likely to develop oral cancer?

From MedlinePlus: Oral Cancer (US National Library of Medicine) ↗

🧬 Cancer: Cancer is a group of diseases in which some of the body's cells grow and divide without control, and can spread to other parts of the body.

❓ Why it happens

  • Changes (mutations) build up in the genes that tell a cell when to grow, divide and die.
  • Most of these changes happen during life: tobacco, too much sun, alcohol, some infections (such as HPV and hepatitis B and C), radiation, obesity and ageing all raise the risk.
  • Some people inherit a faulty gene that raises their risk, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.

🫀 What it does to the body

  • Cancer cells form a lump (tumour) that can press on or invade nearby organs.
  • They can travel through the blood or lymph to start new tumours elsewhere (metastasis).
  • Blood cancers crowd out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow.

🧱 Why it is hard to cure

  • Every cancer is different, even between two people with the same type - and inside one tumour.
  • Cancer cells keep changing, so they can learn to resist a medicine that worked at first.
  • Cancer cells are the body's own cells, so killing them without harming healthy cells is hard.
  • Many cancers cause no symptoms until they have spread, and a new medicine often takes more than ten years to go from the lab to patients.

🚀 What research is trying now

  • Targeted medicines against the exact gene change in a tumour (for example EGFR, ALK or KRAS).
  • Immunotherapy that helps the immune system recognise cancer, including CAR-T cell therapy.
  • Personalised cancer vaccines built from each tumour's mutations, now in late trials.
  • Blood tests that look for tumour DNA to find cancer earlier, and AI to read scans and slides.

General information about cancer, reviewed by people; it does not describe any one person. Below: the evidence for oral cavity neoplasm itself.

🤖

AI briefing

Where the science on oral cavity neoplasm stands, from the evidence on this page

AI reads the targets, drugs, trials and papers below and writes where the science stands — every claim cited. It is shared with everyone who opens oral cavity neoplasm.

🎯

Top targets

Genes and proteins ranked by Open Targets evidence (0-1)
TP53 tumor protein p53PROTACothersmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.67
NOTCH1 notch receptor 1PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.63
CDKN2A cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.63
HRAS HRas proto-oncogene, GTPasePROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
PIK3CA phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alphaPROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.61
FAT1 FAT atypical cadherin 1PROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.57
MAML2 mastermind like transcriptional coactivator 2🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.56
CRTC1 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1PROTACantibody🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.56
NFIB nuclear factor I BPROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.55
MYB MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factorPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.54
KMT2C lysine methyltransferase 2CPROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.54
FBXW7 F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7PROTACsmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.54
CRTC3 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 3PROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.53
CASP8 caspase 8PROTACantibodysmall molecule🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.53
HMGA2 high mobility group AT-hook 2PROTAC🧊 AlphaFold structure ↗ 0.53

Green labels: what the target is known to be druggable by. The score combines genetics, somatic mutations, drugs, expression and literature.

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Drugs and candidates

Every medicine linked to oral cavity neoplasm, by how far it has got
In phase 2 / 3 · 10
CisplatinPhase 3
Contusugene LadenovecCellular tumor antigen p53 exogenous genePhase 3
FluorouracilThymidylate synthase inhibitorPhase 3
AspirinCyclooxygenase inhibitorPhase 2/3
CetuximabEpidermal growth factor receptor erbB1 inhibitorPhase 2/3
Aminolevulinic AcidPhase 2
Show all 10
CarboplatinPhase 2
HydroxyureaRibonucleoside-diphosphate reductase RR1 inhibitorPhase 2
MetronidazolePhase 2
PaclitaxelTubulin inhibitorPhase 2
Early trials · 6
CalcitriolVitamin D receptor agonistPhase 1/2
CelecoxibCyclooxygenase-2 inhibitorPhase 1/2
EniluracilDihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inhibitorPhase 1/2
FluconazoleCytochrome P450 51 inhibitorPhase 1
MogamulizumabC-C chemokine receptor type 4 cross-linking agentPhase 1
NivolumabProgrammed cell death protein 1 inhibitorPhase 1
🧪

Recruiting trials

Worldwide, open to new patients now
Pioglitazone-Metformin Combination Treatment for High Risk Oral PreneoplasiaNCT05727761 · Phase 2 · 📍 MinneapolisProsthesis Guided Speech Rehabilitation of T1/T2 Cancers of the TongueNCT02584270 · NA · 📍 Ann ArborPost-op T-DM1 in HER-2+ Salivary Gland CarcinomasNCT04620187 · Phase 2 · 📍 AtlantaSingle and Combined Modality Trans-Oral Robotic Surgery in Early Oropharyngeal CancerNCT05933889 · n/a · 📍 LondonLarotrectinib for the Treatment of NTRK Amplification Positive, Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid TumorsNCT04879121 · Phase 2 · 📍 HoustonHead and Neck Carcinoma Clinical Research Platform for Molecular and Blood-based Biomarkers, Treatment and Ou…NCT06380686 · n/a · 📍 EssenImmune Biomarker Study for Cisplatin-ineligible Patients Receiving Chemoradiotherapy With DocetaxelNCT06947668 · n/a · 📍 ErlangenMulti-Site Trial of Navigation vs Treatment as Usual to Improve Initiation of Timely Adjuvant TherapyNCT05793151 · NA · 📍 St LouisMorphological Changes of Upper Trapezius Muscle After Physotherapy in Oral CancerNCT07166575 · n/a · 📍 TaipeiProactive Risk-based Optimization & Notifications for Treatment & Outcomes in Head & Neck CancerNCT07180901 · NA · 📍 MontrealTesting the Addition of Ipatasertib to Usual Chemotherapy and Radiation for Head and Neck CancerNCT05172245 · Phase 1 · 📍 TampaOral Hedgehog Inhibitors in the Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma in the Netherlands: a Prospective Registrat…NCT05463757 · n/a · 📍 Nijmegen Search more trials →
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