Predictive and Prognostic Markers for Treatment Outcomes in Prostate Cancer Patients

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Subjects who have histopathologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma. 2. Subjects who age 30 years to 100 years 3. Subjects who agree to undergo the any of the following four treatments, including radical prostatectomy, definitive prostate radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, and androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. 4. Subjects who understand and will comply with the entire study procedures, consent to donate his spot urine (once for 50 ml) for urine metabolomics and proteomic profiling, and agree with subsequent collection and analysis of his clinical information including results of biopsy and the details of treatments and outcomes. (Note: Subjects will be told that the urine metabolomics and proteomics results will not be revealed to them.) Exclusion Criteria: 1. Subjects who have other cancers that have not been curatively treated or are disease-free for only 3 years or less. Subjects who have other genitourinary cancers (urothelial, renal cell, etc) are NOT allowed no matter what the disease-free duration is. However, subjects who have been curatively treated and are disease-free for 3 years or longer are allowed to be enrolled. 2. Subjects who have severe organ function impairment which may significantly alter general cell metabolism or proteomics profiles determined by the investigators, such as Cre \> 3.0, HbA1c \> 9.0%, symptomatic heart failure, or other symptomatic metabolic diseases. 3. Subjects who have significant infection or inflammation within 8 weeks of the biopsy. 4. Subjects who are taking medicine(s) that may, deemed by the investigators, substantially affect cell metabolism and proteomics profiles. 5. Subjects who have a life expectancy less than 12 months.