Upper Limb Mirror Therapy With Bilateral Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation to Improve Upper Limb Functions in Patients With Stroke

Inclusion Criteria: 1. have been diagnosed with ischemic brain injury or intracerebral hemorrhage by MRI or computed tomography within three weeks to 10 years after the first onset of stroke; 2. have volitional control of the non-paretic arm, and at least minimal antigravity movement in the shoulder of the paretic arm; 3. have at least 5 degrees in wrist extension of the paretic arm in the antigravity position 4. are able to score \> 6 of 10 of abbreviated Mental Test; 5. are able to follow instruction and give informed consent of the study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Have any additional medical, cardiovascular and orthopedic condition that would hinder the proper assessment and treatment; 2. Use cardiac pacemakers; 3. Have receptive dysphasia; 4. Have a significant upper limb peripheral neuropathy (e.g., diabetic polyneuropathy); 5. Have severe shoulder, elbow, wrist or finger contractures that would preclude a passive range of motions of the arm; 6. Have skin allergy that would prevent electrical stimulation; 7. Are involved in drug studies or other clinical trials.