Treatment Outcomes Under a Standardized Treatment Protocol in Patients Suffered Substance Abuse Related Voiding Dysfunction

With the increase of substance abuse over the world, substance abuse e.g. ketamine and methamphetamine related voiding dysfunction is becoming an important medical problem. However, while the clinical manifestation of the condition is becoming better defined, the underlying pathophysiology is still poorly understood. Moreover, majority of the current treatment is just based on the experience on some small case series and there is no treatment data for larger patient sample or standard recommended treatment in the literature. In order to improve the management of this condition, investigators have formulated a treatment protocol based on the current literatures on the management of voiding dysfunction and also a similar condition, interstitial cystitis / painful-bladder syndrome (IC/PBS). The protocol basically consists of the following modalities: * Basic information and education on th