Proximal Priority Versus Distal Priority Robotic Priming Effects in Patients With Chronic Stroke

Inclusion Criteria: * The inclusion criteria are age between 20 and 75 years old, more than 3 months after the onset of a first unilateral ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, moderate to severe UE motor impairment (i.e., total UE score of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment \[FMA\] score between 18 and 56), no severe spasticity in any joints of the affected arm (modified Ashworth Scale score \<3 in any of the affected shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers), able to follow instructions (Mini-Mental State Examination total score \>24), no UE fractures in the past 3 months, and not simultaneously participating in other medication or rehabilitation studies. Exclusion Criteria: * The exclusion criteria are other neurologic, neuromuscular, or orthopedic disease, such as epilepsy, or severe health or physical conditions that might impede participation in this study.