Treatment Study for Children and Adolescents With Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Inclusion Criteria: * Newly diagnosed APL confirmed by the presence of PML/RARα fusion gene * Age \<18 years * Written informed consent by parents or legal guardians Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with a clinical diagnosis of APL but subsequently found to lack PML/RARα rearrangement should be withdrawn from the study and treated on an alternative protocol * Significant liver dysfunction (bilirubin serum levels \>3 mg/dL, ALT/AST serum levels greater than 5 times the normal values) * Creatinine serum levels \>2 times the normal value for age * Significant arrhythmias, EKG abnormalities (\*see below), other cardiac contraindications (L-FEV \<50% or LV-FS \<28%) * Neuropathy * Concurrent active malignancy * Uncontrolled life-threatening infections * Pregnant or lactating female * Patients who had received alternative therapy (APL not initially suspected; ATRA and/or ATO not available