Proprioceptive Sensorimotor Integration With Neural Interfaces for Hand Prostheses

Inclusion Criteria: * Veteran * Unilateral upper limb amputation above or below the elbow with fully healed and healthy surgical sites * Viable peripheral nerve function in the residual nerves serving the limb * Volitional activity of the residual muscles in the amputated limb or actuating movement of the limb * Medically fit to undergo general anesthesia * Fitted with a prosthesis by a certified prosthetic and orthotic specialist (CPO) and at least one month of experience using a prosthesis * Willingness and availability to follow the study protocol * Willingness to undergo psychological evaluation, if recommended by study surgeons or investigators, to determine that the participant is mentally competent and capable of completing the study-related activities Exclusion Criteria: * Bilateral upper limb amputation, unless the amputation on the contralateral side only involves missing digits but does not qualify as a partial hand amputation * Inability to speak English * Medically unfit to undergo surgery * Pregnancy, or those who are of childbearing potential, unwilling to prevent pregnancy during the trial * Uncontrolled diabetes (Hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c)\>8.0%) * History of neuropathy and/or radiculopathy in the target limb * Active infection or open sores on the residual limb * History of frequent infection or sores with unknown cause * Inability to provide informed consent or follow experimental protocols * Severe pain that would prevent the participant from completing study-related activities * Poor surgical candidate