Comparing the Effects of Combining Cognitive and Physical Exercise Training on Cognition, and Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation in Men and Women With Chronic Heart Failure

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 50 years old * Stable chronic HF on maximally tolerated background treatment for at least 2 months (stable therapy with ACE-I, ARBs and MRA for at least 2 months), regardless of LVEF * with no limitation of physical activity in ordinary physical activity (i.e. NYHA class I), moderate symptoms (i.e. NYHA class II) or marked limitation in activity (i.e. NYHA class III) * Able to perform cognitive and physical training. Exclusion Criteria: * Acute cardiovascular event 1 month prior to randomization, including emergency visit or hospitalization for decompensated HF, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and transient ischemic attack * Planned cardiovascular intervention within 6 months (implantation of any cardiac device, cardiac revascularization, heart transplantation) * Severe exercise intolerance * Contraindications for exercise testing (e.g., uncorrected severe aortic or carotid stenosis, severe pulmonary hypertension, severe non-revascularizable coronary disease including left main coronary stenosis, significant myocardial ischemia or arrhythmia during low-intensity exercise, acute HF) * Severe respiratory disease * Non-cardiopulmonary limitation to exercise (e.g., arthritis, claudication or any peripheral neurological disease including other neurodegenerative diseases such as disabling Parkinson) * Uncontrolled diabetes or untreated thyroid dysfunction * Current or recent malignancy with life expectancy \< 1 year * Chronic hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis * Unable to read the informed consent form or unable to understand the oral explanations provided by the assessor.