Enhancing Prefrontal Oscillations and Working Memory in Early-course Schizophrenia

Inclusion Criteria: 1. ages 18-40 years 2. DSM diagnoses of Schizophrenia Spectrum Axis I disorders 3. a duration of less than three years from beginning of psychosis, defined by report of symptoms and/or history of treatment, based on clinical guidelines employed in our UPMC psychoses clinics in Pittsburgh. Exclusion Criteria: 1. DSM intellectual developmental disorder 2. significant head injury 3. medical illness affecting brain structure or function 4. significant neurologic disorder (e.g. seizure disorder) 5. personal history or family history of epilepsy 6. inability to provide informed consent 7. concussion with loss of consciousness (LOC) greater than 10 minutes 8. history of electroconvulsive therapy 9. diabetes with associated seizures, loss of sensation/weakness in arms or legs, or momentary LOC 10. pregnancy or postpartum (\<6 weeks after delivery or miscarriage), as determined by self-report 11. a psychotic illness with a temporal relation to substance use or head injury. 12. current or past co-morbidity for alcohol or psychoactive substance dependence 13. substance abuse, other than cannabis and/or alcohol, within the past one year