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Escherichia coli (E. coli) poses a major public health problem. E. coli is not only a commensal of the digestive tract but also a major opportunistic pathogen, first cause of urinary tract infections, first cause of bacteremia. However, little is known about the dynamics of intestinal colonization of the human host. Understanding the dynamics of colonization is crucial because selection for the major traits of E. coli is antibiotic resistance and virulence (the propensity to cause infection) works in commensalism, in the gut, not in infections. This study will make possible for the first time to study the colonization dynamics of E. coli in a large healthy host population. The main objective is to quantify the succession (gain, loss or replacement) of E. coli strains in the gut microbiota in healthy volunteers and how it depends on the properties of the host and the bacteria. This study
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