Robot-assisted vs. Open Nipple-sparing Mastectomy With Immediate Breast Reconstruction

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult women (≥19 years) scheduled to undergo therapeutic mastectomy for breast cancer who desire immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). * Breast cancer classified as clinical TNM stage 0 to IIIA, based on preoperative evaluation according to the 8th edition of the AJCC anatomic staging system. * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients scheduled for breast-conserving surgery or deemed ineligible for immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). * Clinical evidence of nipple or skin involvement on preoperative evaluation. * Pregnant or breastfeeding women. * Tumors consisting exclusively of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). * Paget's disease of the breast. * Inflammatory breast cancer. * Male breast cancer. * Clinical stage IIIB-IV disease on preoperative evaluation. * breast size equal to or larger than cup E * History of breast cancer or bilateral breast cancer (including metachronous or synchronous disease). * History of non-breast malignancy, with the exception of non-melanoma skin cancer or papillary/follicular thyroid carcinoma. * Special histologic subtypes of breast tumors (e.g., phyllodes tumor, sarcoma, lymphoma). * Age \>70 years. * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification grade ≥4. * Inability to provide informed consent. * History of prior chest radiotherapy. * Patients who have not undergone preoperative testing for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is required for liability insurance coverage.