Predictive Clinical Features for Response to Adjuvant Immunotherapy in Stage II,III and IV Resected Melanoma

Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for stage II, III and resectable stage IV melanoma and is curative in most cases. Given the recent success of immunotherapy for the treatment of patients with advanced metastatic melanoma, the use of immunotherapy has been evaluated in the adjuvant setting for patients at high risk of recurrence. In this context, Nivolumab prolonged Recurrence-Free Survival (RFS) while reducing toxicity compared with Ipilimumab in a phase III clinical trial, and was subsequently FDA-approved in December 2017 for adjuvant treatment of locally advanced melanoma with metastatic lymph node involvement after resection of cutaneous lesions. While a fraction of patients benefit from adjuvant PD-1 immunotherapy, approximately 40% of patients are still relapsing despite this adjuvant treatment, without being able to identify them early and with poor understanding of re