Lenvatinib Plus I-125 Seed Brachytherapy vs. Lenvatinib for TACE-refractory HCC

Inclusion Criteria: * HCC confirmed by histopathology and/or cytology, or diagnosed clinically * Diagnosis of HCC with TACE refractoriness according to the criteria proposed by Japan Society of Hepatology (2021) * Patients who have Tumor recurrence after surgical resection or ablation are allowed to be included * At least one measurable intrahepatic target lesion * Child-Pugh class A/B * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 * Life expectancy of at least 3 months Exclusion Criteria: * Extrahepatic metastasis * Tumor thrombus involving main portal vein or both the first left and right branch of portal vein * Vena cava invasion * Patients who received prior systemic therapy, immunotherapy, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) or radiotherapy for HCC * History of organ and cell transplantation * History of bleeding from esophagogastric varices * History of hepatic encephalopathy * Hematologic examination: platelets \<50×10\^9/L * Prothrombin time prolongation ≥ 4s * Severe organ (heart, lung, kidney) dysfunction * History of malignancy other than HCC