📋 Eligibility rules (as published)
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Voluntarily provide written informed consent (subject or legally authorized representative \[LAR\]).
2. Male or female, residing in a care facility.
3. Has a diagnosis of dementia of probable Alzheimer's Disease (AD) based on National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria (2018). The clinical diagnosis of "probable Alzheimer's Disease (AD)" will be based on the 2018 National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) diagnostic criteria, which includes patient biomarker data as part of the research diagnosis (Jack et al., 2018). If patient biomarker data are unavailable, per the 2018 NIA-AA diagnostic criteria, the clinical diagnosis of probable AD will be based on the 2011 NIA-AA criteria (McKhann et al., 2011).
4. Had two or more episodes (using a 7-day lookback period) of agitation that impairs social activities, requires staff or medical intervention, or impairs ability for functional activities of daily living at Screening.
5. Had an ABS total score ≥ 22 at least once during Day -4 to Day -1 when assessing eligibility on Day 1 Pre-randomization.
6. Has gone a minimum of 1 week with no change in medication prior to Screening.
7. Has a score of ≤ 23 on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at Screening.
8. Female subjects who are:
1. Not pregnant, not lactating, and not planning to become pregnant during the study or for 1 menstrual cycle thereafter and
2. Surgically sterile; or postmenopausal (ie, amenorrhea for ≥2 years as reported by subject/caregiver; postmenopausal status will be confirmed with FSH test); or have a monogamous partner who is surgically sterile; or have a same gender sex partner; or is using double-barrier contraception; or practicing abstinence; or using an insertable, injectable, transdermal, or combination oral contraceptive for 3 months prior to the study, during the study, and for 1 month following the study.
9. Male subjects who have female sex partners of childbearing potential must be surgically sterile or commit to use a reliable method of birth control during the study and for 1 month following the study. Reliable contraception is defined as: A tubal ligation, condom with spermicidal gel, an approved hormonal contraceptive such as oral contraceptives, emergency contraception used as directed, patches, implants, injections, rings, or hormone releasing or copper intrauterine device (IUD).
10. Has a body weight \> 50 kg, and body mass index of 20 to 38 kg/m2, inclusive.
11. Subject or LAR able to understand the study procedures, comply with all study procedures, and agree to participate in the study program for its full duration.
12. Has lived in facility for at least 7 days prior to screening and will remain in facility through the completion of Follow-Up assessments.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Has a known sensitivity to dexmedetomidine or any excipient in the DMTS/placebo.
2. Has a skin abnormality (eg, scar, tattoo) or unhealthy skin condition (eg, burns, wounds) at the DMTS/matching placebo application site, according to examination by the investigator at screening.
3. Has a clinically significant abnormal clinical laboratory test value as determined by the investigator.
4. Has agitation caused by acute intoxication.
5. Has significant risk of suicide or homicide per investigator's assessment, or any patient with an answer of "yes" to Items 4 or 5 on the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS).
6. Has a history of or positive test results for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, or hepatitis C.
7. Has a clinically significant history or clinically significant manifestation of any of the following, as determined by the investigator: a renal (including an estimated glomerular filtration rate \[eGFR\] below the appropriate age- and gender-specific range \[see Section 8.1.3.2\]), hepatic (including any evidence of ascites and/or a Child-Pugh hepatic impairment score \> 6 \[Appendix G\]), cardiovascular, metabolic, neurologic, or psychiatric condition; congestive heart failure, peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding, or other condition that may preclude participation in the study.
8. Has a history of physician-diagnosed migraine, frequent non-vascular headaches (\> 5 per month), seizures, or are currently taking anticonvulsants.
9. Has a history of syncope or other syncopal attacks.
10. Has present and/or significant history of postural hypotension (determined through examination by the investigator or designee) or history of severe dizziness or fainting on standing in the opinion of the investigator.
11. Has evidence of a clinically significant 12-lead ECG abnormality.
12. Has an average heart rate \< 60 or \> 100 bpm, systolic blood pressure (BP) \< 90 or \> 140 mmHg, or diastolic BP \< 60 or \> 90 mmHg, measured in 3 sequential positions (supine after 5 minutes; sitting after 1 minute; and standing after 2 minutes) and after the sequence has been completed 3 times.
13. Has a history of alcohol abuse or prescription/illicit drug abuse within the previous 5 years.
14. Has positive results on the urine drug screen or alcohol breath test indicative of drugs of abuse or alcohol use at screening.
15. Is receiving concurrent therapy that can interfere with the evaluation of efficacy or safety, such as any drug that in the investigator's opinion may exert significant synergistic interactions with dexmedetomidine.
Medications with potential cardiac effects (eg, hypotension, bradycardia) and medications that may cause sedation (such as quetiapine \[Seroquel®\]), are permissible if the subject has been on a stable dose for a minimum of 30 days prior to Screening and the investigator deems it appropriate.
Medications given for the treatment of chronic agitation are permissible if the subject has been on a stable dose for a minimum of 30 days prior to Screening.
16. Uses any natural health products (including chaparral, comfrey, germander, jin bu huan, kava, penny
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