Results of Progressive Resistance Training in Older Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Sarcopenia

Inclusion Criteria: * Type 2 diabetic patients diagnosed using American Diabetes Association 2022 criteria * HbA1c ≥ 7.0 and ≤ 8.5% * Sarcopenia diagnosed using criteria from the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 * Age ≥ 60 and ≤ 80 Exclusion Criteria: * Acute diabetic complications * Patients are in the acute phase of musculoskeletal disorders: acute gout, progressing low-grade arthritis, acute joint pain due to joint degeneration, sciatic pain, and infectious arthritis. * Patients suffer from conditions significantly affecting cognition and mobility: sequelae of stroke (with weakness, limb paralysis), muscular weakness, limb disabilities, severe heart failure, severe cognitive decline, and psychiatric disorders. * Patients have been bedridden due to illness for more than 1 month within the past 3 months up to the recruitment time. * Patients with cardiovascular diseases: chest pain, uncontrolled blood pressure ≥160/100 mmHg, untreated cardiac arrhythmia, a history of congestive heart failure, severe valvular heart disease, myocarditis or pericarditis, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. * Renal failure with estimated glomerular function rate (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation) \< 60 ml/min/m3 or serum creatinine ≥ 130 µmol/l * On treatment with Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i)