Vitamin K AntagonISt, Factor Xa Inhibitor or No Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation and DIalytic End-stage Renal DiseasE (VISIONAIRE)

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with clinical atrial fibrillation or flutter (persistent, paroxysmal or permanent); * CHA2DS2-Vasc ≥ 2 points (≥ 3 if female); * Chronic kidney disease with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤ 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 by the CKD-EPI equation (confirmed by two lab results at least 3 months apart) or on chronic renal replacement therapy (Of note: number of patients included in no renal replacement therapy stratum will be capped at around 30% from the total study population). Exclusion Criteria: * Active bleeding or severe bleeding \< 1 month; * Prior kidney transplantation; * Refusal de provide consent * Severe chronic liver disease (Child C); * Other indication of oral anticoagulation (e.g.,: venous thromboembolism or pulmonary embolism); * Prior intracranial hemorrhage; * Bleeding disorder (other than uremia); * Platelet count \< 50,000 / mm3 ; * Pregnancy or breastfeeding; * Mechanical valvar prosthesis; * Moderate to severe mitral stenosis; * Need for antithrombotic drugs other than single antiplatelet agents, or need for dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin plus an ADP receptor blocker; * Any comorbidity beyond CKD and CV disease (e.g., metastatic cancer) which, in the investigator´s opinion, may impact survival in 12 months.