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Central Nervous System (CNS) inflammation is an immune response activated in the brain and spinal cord by microglial cells and astrocytes, commonly occurring under conditions such as central nervous system ischemia, autoimmunity, infection, toxins, and trauma. Microglial cells, as the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, are responsible for driving the inflammatory response and play a crucial role in sensing environmental changes, responding to harmful stimuli, and engulfing dead neurons. They also present antigens to T lymphocytes, mediating interactions between the peripheral immune system and the central nervous system. Factors released by neuronal cells can either promote or inhibit inflammation, and monitoring the level of inflammation driven by microglial cells is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system diseases. MRI is the primary imagin
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