The Renal Protective Effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Inclusion Criteria: 1. CKD Patients with eGFR ≥ 15ml/min/1.73m2 2. Age ≥ 18 years old 3. 24-hour urine protein excretion ≤ 3.5g 4. Subjects who have signed the informed consent form Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with nephrotic syndrome 2. Patients with acute kidney injury 3. Patients who have undergone renal replacement treatment in the past 4. Patients who may have medication changes during RIC or sham-RIC intervention 5. Patients with a history of diabetes or glycated hemoglobin \> 8% 6. Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (\>5.5 mmol/L) accompanied by high low-density lipoprotein (\>2.5 mmol/L) 7. Patients with contraindications to RIC, such as vascular injury, soft tissue injury, fracture, infection, or known peripheral vascular disease in both arms 8. Patients with a history of hemostatic disorders, systemic bleeding, or thrombocytopenia 9. Patients with cardiogenic embolism (atrial fibrillation) or other severe arrhythmias (severe bradycardia, third-degree atrioventricular block, or ventricular tachycardia), previous myocardial infarction, or severe heart failure (New York Heart Association Class III and IV) 10. Uncontrolled hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 200 mmHg despite antihypertensive treatment) 11. Patients with respiratory failure, malignant tumors, or other autoimmune diseases 12. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding at the time of enrollment or any time during the study