CT011 Autologous CAR-T Cells in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma at Risk of Recurrence After Surgical Resection

Inclusion Criteria: To be included in the trial, participants must meet all of the following criteria: 1. Volunteer to participate in the clinical trial; fully understand and are informed of this trial and sign the informed consent form; Willing to follow and able to complete all trial procedures; 2. Age 18-75 years, inclusive, male or female; 3. Initially diagnosed with CNLC stage IIIa HCC with any of the following vascular tumor thrombi and absence of atrial tumor thrombi on preoperative imaging: * Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT); * Hepatic vein tumor thrombus (HVTT); * Inferior vena cava tumor thrombus (IVCTT); 4. Has undergone surgical resection: * Pathological evaluation of surgical resection specimen with negative margins; * Preoperative conversion/neoadjuvant therapy and/or postoperative therapy are allowed; 5. The participant has recovered from liver resection and postoperative progressive increase in AFP level(including: a. AFP increase of at least 20% in any 3 months after surgery; or b. AFP increase of ≥ 10% in any 2 consecutive tests after surgery) with a potential tendency to recurrence as assessed by the investigator. 6. Tumor tissue samples positive for GPC3 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) (staining intensity ≥ 1 +, percentage of stained tumor cells ≥ 10%); 7. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 (within 7 days prior to apheresis); 8. Child-Pugh score ≤ 7 points (within 7 days prior to apheresis); 9. Estimated survival \> 12 weeks; 10. Adequate venous access for apheresis; 11. Laboratory test results within 7 days prior to apheresis should meet the following criteria (if the laboratory test results do not meet the following criteria, a repeat test within 1 week is allowed; if the laboratory test results still do not meet the criteria, it will be considered a screening failure): * Hematology (without transfusion, platelet transfusion, colony-stimulating factor and other supportive treatment within 7 days before detection, except recombinant human erythropoietin): neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 × 109/L, lymphocyte count (LY) ≥ 0.5 × 109/L, platelet count (PLT) ≥ 75 × 109/L, hemoglobin (Hb) ≥ 9.0 g/dL; The results of hematology within 24 hours before apheresis shall also meet this standard; * Blood chemistry: serum creatinine ≤ 1. 5 × upper limit of normal (ULN), endogenous creatinine clearance ≥ 40 mL/min (using Cockcroft-Gault formula), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤ 5×ULN, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 5 × ULN, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≤ 5 × ULN, total bilirubin (TBil) ≤ 3 × ULN, serum albumin (ALB) ≥ 28 g/L, and serum lipase and amylase ≤ 2 × ULN; * Prothrombin time (PT) prolongation ≤ 4 s; 12. Female participants of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test at screening and agree to remain abstinent or use highly effective and reliable contraception (\< 1% failure rate per year) during the treatment period and for at least 1 year after the last dose of trial treatment, during which time they must not donate eggs: * Women of childbearing potential are defined as women who have not reached post-menarche but have not reached a post-menopausal state (no menses for ≥ 12 consecutive months, with no cause other than menopause) and who have not been permanently infertile due to surgery (removal of ovaries, fallopian tubes, and/or uterus) or other reasons (e.g. M ü llerian agenesis, etc.) as determined by the investigator; * Contraceptive methods with an annual failure rate of \< 1% include: bilateral tubal ligation, male sterilization, approved hormonal contraceptives, hormone-releasing intrauterine devices, copper-containing intrauterine devices; Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, or postovulation rhythm methods) and withdrawal are not adequate methods of contraception. 13. Male participants who are sexually active with a female of childbearing potential, who have not had a vasectomy, must agree to remain abstinent or to use contraception (e.g., condoms in combination with other contraceptive measures to achieve an annual failure rate of \< 1%, see inclusion criterion # 12) during the treatment period and for 1 year after the last dose of study treatment and refrain from donating sperm during this period. Exclusion Criteria: Participants were not included in the trial if they met any of the following criteria: 1. Known fibrolamellar HCC, sarcomatoid HCC, or mixed hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma; 2. Intrahepatic recurrence or extrahepatic metastasis, or residual hepatocellular carcinoma detected before apheresis (imaging evidence according to RECIST v1.1); 3. More than 2 years since surgical resection; 4. Pregnant or lactating females; 5. Positive test results for any of the following: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody, Treponema pallidum antibody, hepatitis C virus (HCV) ribonucleic acid (RNA), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and/or hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) positive and hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid \[HBV DNA\] ≥ 1000 IU/mL (HBsAg-positive or HBcAb-positive participants must receive antiviral therapy), cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA; 6. Any uncontrolled active infection, including but not limited to active tuberculosis, infectious diseases requiring systemic treatment, etc.; Patients who use drugs to prevent infection can be enrolled at the discretion of the investigator; 7. Subjects with clinically significant abnormal thyroid function (free triiodothyronine \[FT3\], free thyroxine \[FT4\] and serum thyroid stimulating hormone \[TSH\] for serum thyroid hormones, and total thyroxine \[TT4\] and total triiodothyronine \[TT3\] for serum thyroid hormones if necessary) judged by the investigator and not suitable for entry into the trial after assessment; Patients with stable thyroid function after treatment can be considered for inclusion; 8. Previous or current hepatic encephalopathy; 9.