Aging, Beta Blockers, and Thermoregulatory Responses

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy and free of any significant medical problems * Normal resting electrocardiogram * 65+ years of age * Controlled cholesterol of less than 200 mg/dl * Controlled blood pressure of less than 140/90 mmHg Exclusion Criteria: * Known diseases or other chronic conditions requiring regular medical therapy including cancer, diabetes, neurological diseases, uncontrolled hypertension, and uncontrolled hypercholesterolemia * Serious abnormalities detected on routine screening * Taking prescribed medications or over-the-counter medications that have known influences on either cardiac function or sweating * Current smokers, as well as individuals who regularly smoked within the past 3 years * body mass index ≥31 kg/m2