Characterisation of Endothelial Cells in Different Inflammatory Pathologies

Inclusion Criteria: Healthy volunteer * Adult ≥ 18 years * Able and willing to give consent Surgical patients * Adult ≥ 18 years * Patients admitted to RSFT for planned major surgery Critically ill patients * Adult ≥ 18 years * Emergency admission to ICU at RSFT * Meets the sepsis 3.0 definition Exclusion Criteria: Healthy volunteer * Not currently a patient within the hospital * Absence of inflammatory diseases and disorders including but not limited to arthritis, peripheral artery disease, vasculitis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and CKD. * Not on immunomodulatory medications, such as corticosteroids * History of recent major trauma within the last 2 months (e.g., surgery or injury requiring hospitalisation) Surgical patients * Patients with restricted liberty, prisoners or under legal protection * Anticipated prohibitively difficult venous cannulation * Presenting with inflammatory diseases and disorders including but not limited to arthritis, peripheral artery disease, vasculitis, sepsis, diabetes with end organ damage, cardiovascular disease and CKD * Currently prescribed immunomodulatory medication or immunocompromised * Received chemotherapy within 2 weeks of predicted sampling * Receiving vasopressor support prior to surgery * History of recent major trauma within the last 2 months (e.g., surgery or injury requiring hospitalisation) Critically ill patients * Patients with restricted liberty, prisoners or under legal protection• Anticipated prohibitively difficult venous cannulation * Presenting with inflammatory diseases and disorders including but not limited to arthritis, peripheral artery disease, vasculitis, diabetes with end organ damage, cardiovascular disease and CKD. * Currently prescribed immunomodulatory medication or immunocompromised * Received chemotherapy within 2 weeks of predicted sampling. * History of recent major trauma within the last 2 months (e.g., surgery or injury requiring hospitalisation)