Perioperative Cerebral Function Assessment for Cardiac Surgery

Inclusion criteria: 1. Age 18-80 years; 2. Patients undergoing cardiovascular surgical procedures; 3. Able to understand and comply with the clinical trial protocol requirements, and willing to sign the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Inability to tolerate required diagnostic procedures, including neck CT angiography (CTA), head CT perfusion (CTP), or electroencephalography (EEG), due to underlying physical limitations or medical contraindications; 2. Severe renal insufficiency, characterized by a creatinine clearance of less than 30 mL/min (using the Cockcroft-Gault formula), serum creatinine levels exceeding twice the upper limit of normal, or any other form of clinically significant renal impairment; 3. Severe hepatic dysfunction, defined by ALT or AST levels greater than three times the upper limit of normal, or the presence of hepatic conditions such as acute or chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or other significant liver disorders; 4. Comorbid conditions that may compromise study participation or pose substantial risk to the patient, including, but not limited to, alcohol or substance abuse, malignancies, and severe diseases affecting the liver, kidneys, lungs, endocrine system (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes or thyroid disorders), or hematopoietic system; 5. Inability to cooperate with study procedures, whether due to cognitive, psychological, or physical factors that would impede compliance with protocol requirements; 6. Other conditions deemed unsuitable by the investigator, including any medical or non-medical factors that, in the investigator's assessment, may preclude safe or effective participation in the study.