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This study compares the postoperative analgesic effectiveness of Caudal Block (CB) and Retrolaminar Block (RLB) in pediatric patients undergoing undescended testis surgeries. Both techniques aim to manage pain effectively and reduce reliance on systemic analgesics, improving recovery and minimizing complications. The double-blind, randomized controlled trial will include 1-7-year-old ASA I-II patients at two hospitals. Patients with specific contraindications (e.g., spinal anomalies, allergies, or infections) will be excluded. Randomization divides participants into two groups (CB and RLB), with pain assessments performed using the FLACC pain scale by a blinded nurse. Procedures: CB: 0.125% bupivacaine (1 mL/kg, max 20 mL) injected into the sacral canal under ultrasound guidance. RLB: 0.25% bupivacaine (0.1 mL/kg) injected into the retrolaminar space at the L4 level under ultrasound
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