A Phase 1, First-in-human Study of OKN4395 and Pembrolizumab in Patients With Solid Tumors

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Histologically or cytologically confirmed disease, locally advanced or metastatic: For Phase 1a: Solid tumor with a COX2-associated immunosuppressive pathway, for which standard treatment options are not available, no longer effective, refused or not tolerated. For Phase 1b: For all cohorts, in the opinion of the investigator, all appropriate authorized treatment options should be exhausted * Cohort 1: Sarcoma (fibrous sarcoma \[myxofibrosarcoma or solitary fibrous tumor\], dedifferentiated liposarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma or pleomorphic sarcoma, or leiomyosarcoma), that is either refractory to or progressing on standard of care, with no more than 3 prior lines of systemic therapy. Patients with a solitary fibrous tumor can be included in the study without prior treatment if, in the investigator's opinion, it is in the participant's best interest and no established standard of care exists or is available. * Cohort 2: NSCLC (squamous or adenomatous without EGFR/ALK mutations), with disease progression on a PD-(L)1 CPI regimen, and no more than 3 prior lines of systemic therapy. When known, PD-L1 status should be provided. * Cohort 3: CRC (Microsatellite stable or Microsatellite instability - low), and no more than 4 prior lines of systemic therapy. * Cohort 4: GC (gastric and gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma), HER2-negative, planned to or currently receiving CPI monotherapy as maintenance of a first-line CPI + chemotherapy regimen, after chemotherapy cessation. 2. ECOG performance status of 0 or 1. 3. Recovery from any medically relevant AE/irAE from previous treatment regimen (defined as recovery to Grade ≤1 level per CTCAE v 5.0 before Screening, or chronic, stable, Grade 2 AEs \[not worsened to Grade \>2 for \>3 months prior to screening\]). 4. One or more new or growing tumor lesions amenable to a safe biopsy (at baseline, a suitable archival specimen obtained when not undergoing treatment and within 1 year \[Phase 1a\], or within 90 days and after the last administration of the previous systemic therapy \[Phase 1b\] is suitable). In addition (where applicable) an archival tumor biopsy collected before the start of the first-line treatment in the metastatic setting is requested (but optional). 5. At least one target lesion measurable by RECIST 1.1 as noted by local investigators/radiologists. 6. The ability to swallow and retain OKN4395 as an oral medication without significant gastrointestinal abnormalities that might alter absorption. 7. The willingness and ability to comply with the evaluation, randomizations and requirements of the protocol. For Substudy 1, the ability to comply with the evaluation requirements includes the absence of any condition known to affect upper gastrointestinal motility, absorption, and pH. 8. Adequate hematologic, renal, and hepatic function (based on local laboratory assessments): 1. Hematological variables: absolute neutrophil counts ≥1.5 × 109 /L, platelet counts ≥75 × 109 /L, and hemoglobin ≥8 g/dL 2. Renal variables: creatinine clearance ≥ 60 mL/min1 by Du Bois \& Du Bois formula 3. Hepatic variables: total serum bilirubin ≤1.5 × ULN, AST and ALT ≤3 × ULN, and ALP ≤2.5 × ULN; except for hyperbilirubinemia of Gilbert's syndrome (participants with Gilbert's syndrome can be included if total serum bilirubin ≤5× ULN and direct bilirubin ≤1.5 x ULN) 4. Serum albumin ≥30 g/L Exclusion Criteria: 1. Except for the current regimen in Cohort 4, ongoing or recent anticancer therapy within the following timeframe prior to first dose of study drug: 1. Chemotherapy, ADCs, or other antibodies \< 21 days 2. Immunotherapy or cellular therapy \< 28 days 3. Radiation therapy (palliative radiation for bone pain \<48 hours; stereotactic or small field brain irradiation \<7 days; all other radiation therapy \<14 days) 4. TKI or any other anticancer therapy \< 5 half-lives or \< 7 days, whichever is longer 2. Central nervous system metastasis (radiologically progressive, or clinically symptomatic, or requiring immunosuppressive therapies \[including low dose steroids\]). 3. Any active infection (bacterial, viral, fungal) requiring IV systemic therapy. 4. Unstable COPD defined as frequent or severe exacerbations per investigator discretion. 5. Known history of or active HBV (HBsAg reactive and/or HBV DNA detected) or HCV (HCV RNA detected) infection. 6. HIV infection with CD4 lymphocyte count \<350 cells/μL at time of Screening, or failure to achieve and maintain virologic suppression defined as confirmed HIV RNA level \< 50 or lower limit of detection by the local available assay at time of Screening and for at least 12 weeks prior to Screening. 7. Known history of bleeding disorders, INR ≥1.5 × ULN at screening (or INR and/or aPTT within therapeutic range if on anticoagulation therapy), or a history of gastrointestinal bleeding (inflammatory, ulcerative, or diverticular) within the last 2 years. 8. Known H. pylori infection without proof of eradication at least 2 months prior to screening. 9. Systemic treatment with any drug known to impact gastrointestinal pH within 7 days (PPIs) or 12 hours (H2 antagonists) of first dose of OKN4395 (unless adapted after Substudy 1). Where said treatments have been used for more than 2 weeks prior to discontinuation, discontinuation should occur at least 21 days before first dose of OKN4395. 10. Acute treatment with any systemic steroid therapy (\>10 mg prednisone equivalent), or any corticosteroid medication within 14 days of first dose of OKN4395 for any condition. 11. For participants planned to receive combination therapy: Ongoing and history of active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). Any replacement therapy (i.e. thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or p