Clinical Influence of Different Surface Treatments on Implant Stabiity

Inclusion Criteria: * Age older than 18 years old; * Indication for an implant-supported rehabilitation in the left and right upper premolar/first molar areas; * The area in which the implants will be placed must have had at least 6 months of healing; * No use of grafts or bone substitutes following tooth extraction; * Bone volume measuring at least 10 mm in height and 6 mm in width; * Absence or decision to not wear a removable prosthesis during the healing period; * Patients with good and stable oral hygiene; * Signed informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: * Acute myocardial infarction within the previous six months; * Uncontrolled bleeding disorders; * Uncontrolled diabetes (HBA1c \> 7.5%); * Radiotherapy in the head-neck area in the previous 48 months; * Immunocompromised patients (es. AIDS / chemotherapy); * Current or previous treatment with antiresorptive drugs via intravenous injection; * Psychological or psychiatric disease; * Alcohol and /or drugs abuse; * Heavy smokers (more than 10 cigarettes / day); * Plaque index \>20% and/or bleeding on probing \>10% * Pregnant or breastfeeding patients; * Patients refusing to participate in follow-up checks.