Bacteriophages in Addition to Antibiotics for the Treatment of Patients With Infective Endocarditis

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an endocardial lesion caused by bacterial and/or fungal infection that most commonly affects the heart valves and/or the endocardium around implanted intracardiac devices. In general, IE is classified as a rare disease, but there has been a steady increase in incidence, primarily in high-income countries. The danger of IE lies in the high frequency of complicated course of the disease and the risk of lethal outcomes both at the inpatient stage of treatment 25.0% and in the distant period 30-40%. The annual incidence is from 3 to 10 per 100,000 people. In addition to the difficulties in the diagnosis of IE, the most challenging aspect is the prescription of effective antibiotic therapy, especially in the context of unidentified etiology of IE and the growth of multi-resistant pathogens. Many solutions are used to achieve successful therapy of IE, including