Risk Factors for Inadequate Bowel Preparation Before Colonoscopy

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients aged \>18 years, regardless of gender, scheduled for colonoscopy * Written informed consent has been obtained Exclusion Criteria: * History of acute myocardial infarction (within 6 months), severe cardiac/hepatic/renal insufficiency, or psychiatric disorders * Current use of anticoagulants (e.g., aspirin, warfarin) or presence of coagulation disorders * Pregnancy or lactation; * History of inflammatory bowel disease or acute intestinal infection within the past 2 weeks; * History of colorectal cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), or Peutz-Jeghers syndrome; * History of intestinal obstruction, perforation, stricture, or other conditions precluding completion of colonoscopy; * Non-compliance with bowel preparation protocols (e.g., ingestion of \<80% of prescribed polyethylene glycol (PEG) electrolyte solution); * Severe hearing impairment, cognitive dysfunction, or inability to cooperate with the study; * Prior enrollment in this study with a repeat colonoscopy appointment; * Current participation in other clinical trials or participation in any trial within the preceding 60 days; * Refusal to provide written informed consent.