Enhancing Veteran-Clinical Collaboration in VA PRRCs

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Be a Veteran currently receiving Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Recovery Center (PRRC), Mental Health Intensive Case Management (MHICM) and/or Behavioral Health Interdisciplinary Program (BHIP) services at VA San Diego, Los Angeles, or Albuquerque (e.g., seen in the clinic in the past month or based on clinic criteria) 2. Meet Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) criteria of serious mental illness; i.e., "having (within the past year) a diagnosable mental, behavior, or emotional disorder that causes serious functional impairment that substantially interferes with or limits one or more major life activities," based on chart review and clinician consultation if needed 3. Be fluent and literate in English 4. Agree to have a subset of VA mental health treatment appointments audiotaped Exclusion Criteria: 1. Primary substance use or organic neurological disorder diagnosis determined by chart review 2. Are determined by clinician and/or study staff to be at significant risk of exacerbation of symptoms, suicidal ideation, or other risk due to study participation 3. Have a history and/or current risk of violence that clinicians and/or study staff determine to be too high risk to manage effectively in the study setting (e.g., poses a risk to Veterans or study staff)