Cemiplimab and Fianlimab Before Surgery for the Treatment of Stage IB-IIIB Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years * Disease characteristics: * Histologically or cytologically confirmed stage IB-IIIB (N2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) per American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging Manual Eighth Edition * T4 tumors will only be eligible if they are defined as T4 based only on their size (more than 7 cm). All other T4 tumors will be ineligible. * Pathologic status of lymph nodes must be known for suspicious or enlarged lymph nodes. Note: suspicious or enlarged lymph nodes must be discussed with sponsor/principal investigator. * PD-L1 expression ≥ 1% by tumor proportion score (TPS) using immunohistochemistry (IHC) * Group A: PD-L1 expression ≥ 1% \< 50% * Group B: PD-L1 expression ≥ 50% * Complete surgical resection of the primary NSCLC must be deemed achievable by thoracic surgeon at screening * Measurable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 NOTE: Tumor lesions in a previously irradiated area are not considered measurable disease; Disease that is measurable by physical examination only is not eligible * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0 or 1 * Adequate pulmonary function ascertained by treating surgeon obtained ≤ 30 days prior to registration. A pre- or post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 1.0 L or \> 40% postoperative predicted value or diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) \> 40% predicted value are required prior to enrollment * Hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 g/dL (obtained ≤ 15 days prior to registration) * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1500/mm\^3 (obtained ≤ 15 days prior to registration) * Platelet count ≥ 100,000/mm\^3 (obtained ≤ 15 days prior to registration) * Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained ≤ 15 days prior to registration) * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) ≤ 3 x ULN (obtained ≤ 15 days prior to registration) * Prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR)/activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ≤ 1.5 x ULN OR if patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy and INR or aPTT is within target range of therapy (obtained ≤ 15 days prior to registration) * Calculated creatinine clearance ≥ 45 ml/min using the Cockroft-Gault formula (obtained ≤ 15 days prior to registration) * Negative pregnancy test done ≤ 8 days prior to registration, for persons of childbearing potential only * Provide written informed consent * Willingness to provide mandatory blood specimens for correlative research * Willingness to provide mandatory tissue specimens for correlative research * Willing to return to enrolling institution for follow-up (during the Active Monitoring Phase of the study) Exclusion Criteria: * Any of the following because this study involves an investigational agent, the genotoxic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects of which on the developing fetus and newborn are unknown: * Pregnant persons * Nursing persons * Persons of childbearing potential or able to father a child who are unwilling to employ highly effective contraception during the study and up to 6 months after the last dose * Presence of targetable alterations \[Epiderman Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1)\] in tumor * Unresectable or metastatic disease * Active or history of the following: * Prior systemic anti-cancer therapy or radiation therapy for the same cancer being studied in this protocol * Interstitial lung disease (e.g., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or organizing pneumonia), or active, noninfectious pneumonitis that required immune-suppressive doses of glucocorticoids to assist with management, or pneumonitis within the last 5 years * Autoimmune disease (including any history of inflammatory bowel disease) * Any syndrome that required systemic steroids or immunosuppressive medications EXCEPTIONS: patients with vitiligo; resolved childhood asthma/atopy; residual hypothyroidism that requires only hormone replacement; or psoriasis not requiring systemic treatment, type-1 diabetes mellitus, or rheumatoid arthritis managed without disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or \>10 mg prednisone equivalent * Patients requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (\> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents) or other immunosuppressive medications ≤14 days prior to registration. NOTE: Inhaled or topical steroids and adrenal replacement doses \< 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease * Patients with organ transplantation * History of myocardial infarction ≤ 6 months prior to registration, or congestive heart failure requiring use of ongoing maintenance therapy for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias; or prior immune-related myocarditis * Uncontrolled intercurrent non-cardiac illness including, but not limited to: * Ongoing or active infection * Psychiatric illness/social situations * Dyspnea at rest due to complications of advanced malignancy or other disease that requires continuous oxygen therapy * Any other conditions that would limit compliance with study requirements * Uncontrolled infection with HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV) or diagnosis of immunodeficiency that is related to, or results in chronic infection. Note: No testing is required for this study unless mandated by local health authority. EXCEPTIONS: * Patients with known HIV who have controlled infection \[undetectable viral load and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count above 350 either spontaneously or on a stable antiviral regimen\] are permitted. For patients with controlled HIV infection, monitoring will be performed per local standards. * Patients with known hepatitis B (hepatitis B surface antigen positive \[HBsAg+\]) who have controlled infection (serum hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that is below the limi