Microplastic Exposure From Clear Aligner Wear (MPE)

Inclusion Criteria: * Individuals (all sexes, genders, races, and ethnicities) aged at least 10 years (in adult dentition) and at most 75 years * Receiving comprehensive, Phase II orthodontic treatment with clear aligner therapy * Stable physical health (ASA I or II), as determined by study coordinator or PI * Able to comprehend and follow requirements of study (including availability on scheduled visit dates) * Patient and parental consent (and assent for minors) for participation in the study Exclusion Criteria: * Receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances * Receiving hybrid treatment with fixed appliances and aligners * Receiving Phase I orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances * Established history of severe xerostomia (dry mouth), severe periodontal disease with actively bleeding gums, significant oral abrasions/ulcers or growths, current alcohol abuse, and/or recreational drug abuse * Other severe acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition or laboratory abnormality that may increase risk associated with participation * Drinking, eating, or brushing teeth within 1 hour of study visit * Removing aligners within 1 hour of study visit * Developmental or cognitive disability such that the patient cannot self-consent, comprehend, and follow the requirements of the study based on research site personnel's assessment