Effectiveness of Personalized Alternating Current Stimulation for Treating Cognitive Impairment in CNS Demyelination Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and other Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases that meet diagnostic criteria; * Patients with SDMT scores \<55 or subjective cognitive decline; * Age between 18 and 65 years, gender unrestricted; * No relapse or medication changes in the past month; * EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) score ≤6; * Right-handed, native Chinese speakers with sufficient educational background to understand the test instructions; -Willing to participate and have signed informed consent.- Exclusion Criteria: * Relapse record within the past month; * Medication adjustment within the past month or having undergone modified electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, or other neuromodulation techniques; * Participating in any other clinical research within 1 month prior to enrollment or currently; * Presence of cochlear hearing aids, cardiac pacemakers, or implanted brain stimulation devices; * Skin integrity damage at electrode placement sites, or allergy to electrode gel or adhesives; * History of epilepsy, hydrocephalus, central nervous system tumors, brain injury, or intracranial infections; * Pregnant or lactating women, or those planning pregnancy in the near future; * Scoring ≥3 on item 3 (suicide item) of the HDRS-17 or concurrent severe mental illness; * Concurrent severe or unstable organic diseases; * Unable to cooperate with treatment, follow-up, or clinical, EEG, and imaging data collection due to poor patient compliance; * Other situations deemed inappropriate for study participation by the researchers.