Trop2-targeting NIR-II Molecular Probe for Guided Identification of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer ranks as the fourth most common malignancy among males the United States . Approximately 75% of patients present with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). For the diagnosis and treatment of NMIBC, current guidelines widely recommend white light cystoscopy (WLC) and transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT). Unfortunately, up to 70% of patients with NMIBC experience intravesical recurrence within five years of their initial treatment. The high recurrence rates necessitate long-term surveillance for most NMIBC patients, making it one of the most costly malignancies to manage. In fact, a higher risk of disease recurrence is also associated with the now widely used WLC and TURBT, which cause false-negative investigations with an inadequate resection or residual tumor, especially when urothelial tumors present as carcinoma in situ or multiple. Indocyanine gre