Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Function for Stroke-Related Sarcopenia

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosed with chronic stroke (≥6 months post-stroke) * Sarcopenia will be diagnosed using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2025 criteria, defined as the concurrent presence of low muscle strength and low appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Muscle strength will be assessed using handgrip strength measured on the non-paretic side. Low muscle strength will be defined as handgrip strength \<28 kg for men and \<18 kg for women aged ≥65 years, and \<34 kg for men and \<20 kg for women aged 50-64 years. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass will be measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index will be calculated as appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by height squared. Low muscle mass will be defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle mass index \<7.0 kg/m² for men and \<5.7 kg/m² for women aged ≥65 years, and \<7.6 kg/m² for men and \<5.7 kg/m² for women aged 50-64 years. Exclusion Criteria: * Stroke occurred within the past 6 months * Resting systolic blood pressure \> 200 mmHg * Resting diastolic blood pressure \> 100 mmHg * Presence of implanted electronic or metallic devices that interfere with blood flow restriction cuffs * Contraindication to bioelectrical impedance analysis (e.g., pacemaker, ICD)