A Study to Assess Safety and Tolerability and to Explore Efficacy of NSC001 in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants and competent trial partner/caregiver are willing and able to give signed informed consent for participation in the trial including compliance with the requirements and restrictions according to local regulations for the trial Informed Consent Form (ICF). Signed informed consent by the patient (examined and verified to be mentally capable by an independent physician/ neurologist) prior to the initiation of any study specific procedure. * Must have an informant or trial partner who, in the Investigator's judgment, has frequent and sufficient contact with the participant (at least 10 hours/week), who is considered reliable by the Investigator in providing support to the participant to ensure compliance with the trial intervention, including the proper and consistent intake of the study medication, who can accompany the participant to trial visits and help with protocol procedures, and who is also able and willing to provide input for completing the caregiver scales and sign the caregiver consent form. * Male or female aged 50 to 85 years, inclusive at the time of consent. * Female trial participants must be post-menopausal for at least 2 consecutive years or surgically sterile (bilateral tubal ligation, hysterectomy, or bilateral oophorectomy) for at least 6 months prior to screening. * Male trial participants with partners who are women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must agree to use a reliable means of contraception (e.g., minimum condom + spermicide) during the trial and 6 months after discontinuing the trial intervention * Participants who have a clinical diagnosis of AD, which falls into the stages of mild to moderate dementia (Stage 4 to 5) according to the utilized by the NIA-AA 2018 criteria at screening. * Patients who show CSF biomarker data supporting the diagnosis of AD measured within the last 3 years or patients with a positive Amyloid Pet Scan within the last 3 years or have a test on p-tau217 in plasma indicating brain amyloid positivity will qualify for the study. Plasma pTau217 concentration of ≥ 2.0 pg/mL. * Evidence of cognitive decline over the last year must be present based on informant observation, medical records, or objective neurocognitive testing. * Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scan performed within 12 months before screening, with findings consistent with the clinical diagnosis of mild to moderate AD without any other clinically significant comorbid pathologies, especially cerebrovascular lesions. If an MRI or CT scan is unavailable within 12 months before screening, an MRI assessment should be completed, and the findings confirmed before the participant's treatment start (V1). * Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≥18 and ≤26 at screening. * Modified Hachinski Ischemic (mHIS) Scale ≤4 unless recent MRI study demonstrates no vascular causes for dementia. * Use of AChEIs (e.g., donepezil, galantamine, or rivastigmine) is mandatory and treatment must be on a stable dose for at least 3 months prior to baseline * Adequate vision, hearing, and motor function to comply with testing. * Ability to swallow size 2 capsules. * In the opinion of the Investigator is in reasonably good health for 21-week trial participation. * Trial participants must consent to ApoE genotyping. Their ApoE status may be disclosed to the participant at the Investigator's discretion. Exclusion Criteria: * Inability to comply with visit schedule or other protocol requirements and failure to perform screening and baseline first treatment visit (V1) assessments. * Planned start of NMDA receptor antagonist memantine during the trial period (i.e., the next 13 weeks) or use of memantine within the past 4 weeks before screening, unless at a stable dose for at least 8 weeks prior to screening. * Prior use of anti-beta-amyloid immunotherapy (e.g., Aducanumab, Leqanemab, Donanemab) or administration of anti-amyloid vaccine. * Enrollment in another investigational clinical trial and, respectively, administration of investigational drug within the previous 3 months small molecules. Previous participation in investigational clinical trials with monoclonal antibodies against amyloid or other anti-beta amyloid immunotherapy and other biologicals. * Current use of anticholinergics, including trospium within the past 2 weeks before screening. * Use of the following medications: 1. Long-acting benzodiazepines (e.g., valium), except for sedation prior to screening MRI scans for those participants requiring sedation and should not be administered within 24 hours prior to cognitive testing. 2. Short/medium-acting benzodiazepines (e.g., alprazolam, lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam) except if used chronically for sleep and on a stable dose for ≥4 weeks prior to screening and throughout the trial. May not be taken within 12 hours prior to cognitive testing. 3. Sedating antihistamines if taken within 12 hours prior to cognitive testing (Non-sedating antihistamines \[e.g., fexofenadine, cetirizine\] are allowed). 4. Anticonvulsants that have significant effects on cognition per the Investigator's opinion and/or anticonvulsants used for treatment of seizures. Anticonvulsants with limited cognitive effects, such as lamotrigine, pregabalin, levetiracetam for the treatment of pain, and other non-epilepsy indications are allowed if, in the opinion of the Investigator, they are not producing sedation or contributing to cognitive impairment. The participant must have been on a stable dose for ≥4 weeks prior to screening and throughout the trial. 5. Antidepressants that may, in the Investigator's opinion, affect the participant's cognition (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants). Mild depression or depressive mood arising in the context of AD are not criteria for exclusion. Use of antidepressants is allowed if at stable doses for ≥4 weeks prior to screening and throughout the trial. 6. Antipsychotics used regularly, except for low doses of