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Effects of TPR and Z Techniques on Pain and Drug Leakage in Intramuscular Injections

RecruitingNAAges 18 Years - 40 YearsAllCumhuriyet University
NCT07004166 on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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In plain words

What the trial is, and whether it could suit you

This randomized, triple-blind clinical trial compares the effectiveness of Z-track and TPR (traction-pressure-release) techniques in reducing pain and medication leakage during ventrogluteal intramuscular injections. Pain is measured using VAS, and leakage is assessed with a millimeter scale. The study aims to identify a more efficient, less painful injection method.

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📋 Eligibility rules (as published)
Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 16-40 * Prescribed diclofenac sodium * No communication impairments * Healthy ventrogluteal muscles without sensory issues Exclusion Criteria: * Wounds, redness, bruising, tenderness, or stiffness at the injection site * Injection in the past 2 weeks * Neuropathy or other medical conditions * BMI below 15 or above 35
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What it tests

  • Z-track method
  • TPR method
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Where

2 sites
Sivas Numune Hospital
Sivas, Turkey (Türkiye)
Sivas State Hospital
Sivas, Turkey (Türkiye)
🤝 Taking part is your choice, and you can leave at any time. Only the trial team can confirm you are eligible — always decide together with your own doctor.
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