Child-Parent Psychotherapy After the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake

Inclusion Criteria: * Children aged 3 to 6 years old at the time of enrollment * Resided in one of the 11 cities affected by the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake (e.g., Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Adıyaman, Malatya, Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, Adana, Osmaniye, Diyarbakır, Kilis, Elazığ) * Exposure to at least one qualifying traumatic event due to the earthquake (e.g., witnessing injury or death, loss of home, separation from caregiver) * Living with a primary caregiver (mother or father) who consents to participate in the study * Both caregiver and child are available to participate in 12 weekly sessions of CPP (online or face-to-face) * Caregiver is fluent in Turkish and able to complete self-report questionnaires Exclusion Criteria: * Child or caregiver currently receiving psychotherapy or psychiatric treatment * Child diagnosed with developmental disorder (e.g., autism, intellectual disability) that significantly impairs communication or relational functioning * Caregiver with a diagnosed severe psychiatric disorder (e.g., psychosis, bipolar disorder) or active substance use disorder * Families with ongoing legal custody disputes or instability that may interfere with consistent participation * Inability to access internet or digital device (for participants randomized to online therapy)