Shape-Sensing Robotic-Assisted Bronchoscopy for Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Nodules in Korea

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 19 years or older * Solid or part-solid peripheral pulmonary nodules confirmed on chest computed tomography (CT) * Patients requiring histological diagnosis as determined by the treating physician * Patients eligible for bronchoscopy procedure * Ability to provide written informed consent * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2 or equivalent functional status allowing procedure under sedation or general anesthesia Exclusion Criteria: * Pure ground glass opacity nodules * Bleeding tendency defined as platelet count less than 50,000/μL or International Normalized Ratio (INR) greater than 1.5 * Severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction precluding deep sedation or general anesthesia * Pregnant or breastfeeding women * Life expectancy less than 6 months as assessed by the treating physician * Inability or unwillingness to provide informed consent * Absolute contraindication to bronchoscopy including: * Severe hypoxemia (oxygen saturation \<90% on room air) * Severe pulmonary hypertension * Recent myocardial infarction (within 6 weeks) * Unstable angina * Malignant arrhythmias * Participation in another interventional clinical trial that may interfere with study procedures or outcomes