Effects of Combined Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Robot and Trans-Spinal Electrical Stimulation in Poststroke Rehabilitation

Inclusion Criteria: * Subjects in the chronic stage (start from 6 months after the onset of stroke) with a pure unilateral motor paresis after a stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic); * Sufficient cognition to follow simple instructions as well as understand the content and purpose of the experiment (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score\>23); * Be able to sit up for 60 minutes (with or without assistance); * Muscle strength graded from 1 to 3 in biceps brachii, triceps brachii, extensor carpi radialis, flexor carpi radialis, and abductor pollicis brevis in the affected side. * The voluntary electromyographic signals of the wrist extensor and wrist flexor muscle groups can be detected. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with secondary stroke; * Severe dysphasia (either expressive or comprehensive) with inadequate communication; * Any additional medical or psychological condition affecting their ability to comply with the study protocol; * History of other neurological disease, psychiatric disorder, including alcoholism and substance abuse; * currently pregnant; * epilepsy; * pacemaker implantation or deep brain stimulation; * involved in drug studies, other clinical trials, or concurrent medication/occupational/physical treatments on the upper limb; * skin disease at the area of the electrodes; * High hypertension and cannot maintain normal blood pressure despite daily intake of antihypertensive medication.