The Impact of Perineural Injection Therapy for Adhesive Capsulitis.

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age 18 and above. 2. Diagnosed with primary adhesive capsulitis by a specialist. 3. Limitation of range of motion ≥ 50% relative to the normal side or normal reference (in patient with bilateral adhesive capsulitis) in three or more movement directions (i.e., external rotation, abduction, forward flexion, and internal rotation). 4. Chronic adhesive capsulitis shoulder pain lasting for at least 3 months. 5. Pain score of at least 4/10 on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) during movement, indicating at least moderate pain severity. 6. Consented to the study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Received any shoulder pain injection within the past 6 weeks or surgical intervention such manipulation under anesthesia, arthroscopic capsular release, or open surgery for capsular release. 2. Diagnosed with other shoulder pathology such as neurologic deficits affecting shoulder function, tumour, rotator cuff injury or fracture. 3. Has history of allergy to dextrose solution. 4. Patients receiving steroidsimmunosuppressants, psychotropic medication, or other medications that may affect, the clinical outcomes 5. Patients with haemorrhagic disease, taking anticoagulant drugs, or patients with severe diabetes mellitus having an increased risk of infection (HBA1c \>8%) 6. Do not understand Malay or English language. 7. Unable to follow a 3 steps command.