A Retrospective Observational Study of Nivolumab in Combination With Chemotherapy as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Resectable NSCLC Patients: Real-World Experience in Taiwan (NEOREAL)

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged 18 years and older 2. Patients who are diagnosed with pathologically confirmed, non-metastatic, resectable NSCLC 3. Patients who have received at least one cycle of neoadjuvant nivolumab combined with chemotherapy since the approval of the regimen in February 2023, and who have at least one imaging assessment of EFS and surgical status recorded. For patients who underwent surgery, at least one pathological report is required. 4. Patients who have been followed up for at least 12 months (from first dose of neoadjuvant therapy to last medical record date at study site), exceptional case as follows: * Patients who expired within 12 months of follow-up * Patients who experience disease progression or recurrence but continue to follow-up 5. Participants with histologically confirmed Stage II-III NSCLC (per the 8th International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer) who are considered resectable. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with distant metastasis (M1 disease according to the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer \[AJCC\] cancer staging manual) prior to neoadjuvant therapy 2. Patients with N3 disease per AJCC 8th edition 3. Patients with known EGFR mutations or ALK translocation 4. Patients who have received any prior systemic therapy for NSCLC 5. Patients with a history of previous cancers or other concurrent malignancies within 10 years before the first dose of nivolumab