💬In plain words
What the trial is, and whether it could suit you
Background:
Pneumonia caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of death among children under five years of age, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Accurate diagnosis remains challenging due to the need for invasive procedures to obtain samples for culture-based diagnostic tests, which are not very sensitive for detecting S.pneumoniae, particularly after antibiotic use.
Serotype-specific urinary antigen detection (ssUAD) assays are a promising, non-invasive alternative for the surveillance and diagnosis of pneumococcal disease. Importantly, they can identify different serotypes of S.pneumoniae, which is crucial for monitoring vaccine impact. However, the ability of the ssUAD to identify invasive disease due to S.pneumoniae has not been studied in children in sub-Saharan Africa, where high rates of asymptomatic carriage may affect diagnostic accuracy.
Aim:
The
Sign in to get the eligibility rules as simple questions to take to your doctor.
📋 Eligibility rules (as published)
Inclusion criteria for healthy children in the community
• Child aged between12-24 months.
Exclusion criteria for healthy children in the community
* Presence of any of the following symptoms: fever, cough, difficulty in breathing or fast breathing.
* Currently taking long-term antibiotic prophylaxis, TB treatment or immunosuppressive medications.
* Diagnosis of an immunosuppressive illness, including HIV infection.
* Hospital admission within the past six months.
Inclusion criteria for children with pneumonia in the community
* Child aged between12-24 months.
* Presence of all of the following symptoms: fever, cough, difficulty in breathing and fast breathing.
* Participant has been prescribed antibiotics for treatment of a lower respiratory tract infection on this presentation.
Exclusion criteria for children with pneumonia in the community
* Severe anaemia, with a recorded haemoglobin level \< 70 grams per Litre.
* Currently taking long-term antibiotic prophylaxis, TB treatment or immunosuppressive medications.
* Diagnosis of an immunosuppressive illness, including HIV infection.
* Hospital admission within the past six months.
Inclusion criteria for children hospitalised with pneumonia
* Child aged between 12-24 months.
* Presence of all of the following symptoms: fever, cough, difficulty in breathing and fast breathing.
* Participant has been prescribed antibiotics for treatment of a lower respiratory tract infection on this presentation.
Exclusion criteria for children hospitalised with pneumonia
* Severe anaemia, with a recorded haemoglobin level \< 70 grams per Litre.
* Currently taking long-term antibiotic prophylaxis, TB treatment or immunosuppressive medications.
* Diagnosis of an immunosuppressive illness, including HIV infection.
* Hospital admission within the past six months.
Inclusion criteria for children re-hospitalised with pneumonia
* Child aged between12-24 months.
* Presence of all of the following symptoms: fever, cough, difficulty in breathing and fast breathing.
* Participant has been prescribed antibiotics for treatment of a lower respiratory tract infection on this presentation.
* Hospital admission to ANY hospital with a lower respiratory tract infection within the past 3 months.
Exclusion criteria for children re-hospitalised with pneumonia
* Severe anaemia, with a recorded haemoglobin level \< 70 grams per Litre.
* Currently taking long-term antibiotic prophylaxis, TB treatment or immunosuppressive medications.
* Diagnosis of an immunosuppressive illness, including HIV infection.
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