Life-Style Medicine for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Older People

Inclusion Criteria: * chronic musculoskeletal pain, defined as pain that lasted for more than 3 months persistently or intermittently, including regional pain (joints, limbs, back, and/or neck) * a degenerative joint condition, such as osteoarthritis, and/or musculoskeletal complaints that fall under the classification of the International Classification of Disease-11 as "chronic primary musculoskeletal pain" or "chronic secondary musculoskeletal pain" * Pain intensity score ≥ 4 on a numerical rating scale of 10 * stable baseline physical activity * ability to understand written and verbal Chinese Exclusion Criteria: * patient with cancer-related pain * inflammatory rheumatic disease * a recent history of stroke or major surgery in the past 6 months * terminal illness * serious mental illness * severe or uncontrolled heart disease * comorbid conditions that might impede active participation in the study