Efficacy and Safety of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Combined With Endovascular Intervention for Diabetic Foot Ulcers With Lower Extremity Arterial Occlusion

Inclusion Criteria: * 1)Age between 18 and 80 years; diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus; with HbA1c ≤10%; * 2)Presence of at least one chronic foot ulcer persisting for ≥3 weeks, with no signs of healing despite guideline-directed standard care; ulcer classified as Wagner-Armstrong grade 1D or 2D; * 3)Imaging-confirmed infrapopliteal arterial stenosis or occlusion, assessed by vascular ultrasound and/or computed tomography angiography (CTA); all patients must have undergone infrapopliteal balloon angioplasty, with successful target vessel revascularisation confirmed intraoperatively (≤30% residual stenosis); * 4)Signed written informed consent prior to study participation. Exclusion Criteria: * 1)Concurrent use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) or maggot debridement therapy; * 2)Undergoing dialysis for end-stage renal disease; * 3)Use of topical antibiotics with known biological activity on the wound; * 4)Use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) for wound treatment; * 5)Women of childbearing potential without effective contraception, or currently breastfeeding; * 6)Presence of severe comorbidities involving other organ systems, with an estimated life expectancy of less than 6 months; * 7)Participation in another clinical trial within the past 3 months, or currently enrolled in another clinical study; * 8)Any condition deemed unsuitable for trial participation at the discretion of the investigators.