Safety and Efficacy Evaluation of Cryoablation in the Treatment of Ground-Glass Nodules

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years. * Malignancy confirmed by histopathology or multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussion. For a solitary GGN: size between 6-30 mm. For multiple GGNs: each measuring 6-30 mm, with no more than 3 nodules deemed to require treatment upon MDT consensus. * Patient is ineligible for or unwilling to undergo video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). * Patient is ineligible for or declines radiotherapy or stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1. * The subject demonstrates good compliance and has voluntarily provided written informed consent to participate. Exclusion Criteria: * Presence of severe cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, or renal dysfunction, rendering the patient ineligible for general anesthesia. * Contraindication to either bronchoscopy or computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous puncture. * High risk associated with percutaneous puncture for at least one target lesion, or absence of a feasible access route as determined by pre-procedural bronchoscopic path planning. * Platelet count \< 50 × 10⁹/L, or presence of an uncorrectable bleeding diathesis or coagulation disorder (prothrombin time \> 18 seconds, or prothrombin activity \< 40%). * Concurrent participation in another interventional clinical trial, or anticipation of requiring additional antitumor therapy outside the scope of this study during the trial period. * Any other condition deemed by the investigator to render the patient unsuitable for study participation.