💬In plain words
What the trial is, and whether it could suit you
Over 800 million people worldwide suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is associated with a high individual disease burden for those affected, multiple secondary diseases, frequent doctor contacts, and hospitalizations, but also outstanding costs for the health system and the solidarity community. Appropriate interventions are essential to prevent the development and progression of CKD. In the past decade, great progress has been made in the search for drugs that can slow the progression of CKD. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, the non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, finerenone, and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide, have demonstrated albuminuria-lowering effects and kidney protection in people with CKD. Although these new pharmacological approaches show great promise, it is unclear how to optimally sequence and combine these
Sign in to get the eligibility rules as simple questions to take to your doctor.
📋 Eligibility rules (as published)
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Age ≥ 18 and ≤ 75 years
2. UACR 100-5000 mg/g (11.3-565 mg/mmol) in two consecutive first-morning void urine samples at screening. (UACR 80-100 mg/g is accepted if historical measurements are above 100 mg/g and if it cannot be explained by any new treatment.)
3. Stable treatment with a maximum tolerated dose of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker for at least four weeks prior to randomization. (Unless such treatment is contraindicated or not tolerated.)
4. Ability to communicate with the study staff and understand and sign the informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. eGFR \< 25 mL/min/1.73m2 at screening.
2. Treatment with two or all three of the study drugs
3. History of pancreatitis at screening
4. Body mass index \< 18.5 kg/m2 at screening
5. Type 1 diabetes
6. Myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, or transient ischemic attack within 12 weeks prior to enrollment
7. NYHA class IV Congestive Heart Failure at screening
8. Potassium \> 5.0 mmol/L at screening
9. Addison's Disease
10. Concomitant treatment with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., itraconazole, ketoconazole, ritonavir, cobicistat, clarithromycin)
11. Treatment with a potassium-sparing diuretic or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, except for finerenone (e.g., spironolactone, eplerenone, or amiloride)
12. Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) \> 3 x upper normal limit at screening, autoimmune hepatitis, and/or severe hepatic impairment (including but not limited to a history of hepatic encephalopathy, a history of esophageal varices, or a history of portocaval shunt).
13. Autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
14. Lupus nephritis or ANCA-associated vasculitis, or any other primary or secondary kidney disease requiring immunosuppressive therapy within 6 months prior to screening
15. Kidney transplant or dialysis
16. Known or suspected hypersensitivity to the study medications or related products
17. Presence or history of malignant neoplasms (except basal cell skin cancer or squamous cell skin cancer) within five years before screening.
18. Any other history, condition, therapy, or uncontrolled intercurrent illness that could, as judged by the investigator, affect participant safety or compliance with study requirements.
19. A female who is pregnant, breastfeeding, or intends to become pregnant, or a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) who is not using highly effective contraceptive methods.
20. Known or suspected abuse of narcotics.
21. Participant in another intervention study.
22. Vulnerable (i.e., under guardianship) or mentally incapacitated subjects (i.e., not able to understand and sign the informed consent).
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