The Impact of Force Feedback in the dV5 Robotic Surgical System on Learning Curve and Safety in Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy - A Prospective, Single-Center, Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trial

Inclusion Criteria: * Male patients aged ≥19 years. Histologically confirmed localized prostate cancer, clinical stage T1-T3a, N0, M0. Scheduled to undergo robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) at Samsung Medical Center. No radiologic evidence of distant metastasis, and disease deemed surgically resectable via robotic approach. Medically fit for general anesthesia and laparoscopic surgery, classified as ASA physical status I-III. Baseline erectile function preserved, defined as IIEF-5 ≥12 within 6 months prior to surgery. Provided written informed consent for participation after full explanation of the study. Exclusion Criteria: * Locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer (clinical stage ≥T3b, N1, or M1\*\*). Prostate volume ≥60 cc on preoperative MRI, which may complicate robotic dissection standardization. History of pelvic radiotherapy for any malignancy. Previous androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or other hormonal therapy for prostate cancer. History of prior prostate surgery, such as TURP or HoLEP. History of spinal cord injury or major pelvic surgery that may alter pelvic anatomy. Medical contraindications to robotic/laparoscopic surgery or general anesthesia (e.g., severe cardiopulmonary disease, ASA ≥ IV). Anatomic limitations (e.g., extreme obesity or deformity) precluding safe robotic access. Device or software malfunction preventing proper activation or deactivation of the Force Feedback system. Any other condition deemed inappropriate for study participation by the principal investigator (e.g., cognitive impairment affecting consent or follow-up).