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This study is being carried out in patients with kidney stones measuring between 1 and 2 centimeters. Kidney stones are common in Pakistan and can cause severe pain, infection, and repeated hospital visits. Two commonly used treatments for stones of this size are extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). ESWL uses shock waves applied from outside the body to break the stone into small fragments that can pass in the urine. RIRS is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure in which a thin flexible scope is passed through the urinary passage into the kidney and a laser is used to break the stone. Adult patients aged 18 to 65 years with a single kidney stone of 1-2 cm will be included. According to the urologist's clinical judgment and patient preference, individuals will undergo either ESWL (Group A) as a day-care shock wave procedure or RIRS (G
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