Cerebral/ Cortical Visual Impairment: Screening, Identification and Outcome Prediction in Neonates

Cerebral/Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) is the leading cause of childhood visual impairment in the United States and other industrialized countries. CVI is a brain-based visual disorder in which visual acuity or visual fields are reduced despite a normal eye examination or greater-than-expected visual impairment relative to ocular pathology. CVI is increasingly recognized in children with neurological conditions, yet it often remains undiagnosed until later childhood, delaying opportunities for early intervention. Population-based studies suggest that CVI is more common than previously understood. Recent estimates indicate that over 180,000 individuals in the United States aged 0-22 years may have diagnosed or likely CVI, with only a minority formally identified. Children with CVI frequently have co-occurring neurological conditions, including cerebral palsy, epilepsy, developmental d