Tonic Pain and Transauricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy * Speak and understand English * 18-60 years old. Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant and/or breastfeeding * Regular use of cannabis, opioids or other drugs * Current or previous neurologic, musculoskeletal, mental, or other illnesses (e.g., brain or spinal cord injuries, degenerative neurological disorders, major depression, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, etc.) * Current regular (once or more a week) use of analgesic medication or other medication which may affect the trial (including paracetamol and NSAIDs) * Recent history of acute pain particularly in the lower limbs * Abnormally disrupted sleep in 24 hours preceding experiment * Contraindications to electric stimulation application (history of epilepsy, metal implants in head or jaw, etc.) * Lack of ability to cooperate * Contraindications for capsaicin including an intolerance chili consumption and burns or wounds to the application site.