The Effectiveness of Guided Written Exposure Therapy for Complex PTSD in Adolescents

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged between 10 and 18 years; 2. Meet the diagnostic or subclinical criteria for Complex PTSD (C-PTSD), defined as missing at most one symptom from either the PTSD or DSO clusters; 3. Possess sufficient literacy and language skills to complete writing-based tasks; 4. Be able to understand the study procedures and complete the required assessments; 5. Provide written informed consent, with consent also obtained from their legal guardians. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Presence of a severe psychiatric disorder or neurodevelopmental disorder, such as schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, or other severe psychiatric conditions that would interfere with study participation; 2. Presence of a severe physical illness that would impair the ability to engage in the intervention; 3. Assessed as being at high suicidal risk (e.g., current suicidal ideation with intent or plan, recent suicide attempt within the past 12 months, or severe self-harm behaviors); 4. Ongoing exposure to traumatic events; 5. Currently receiving other trauma-focused psychological treatments.